• Blood Pressure : It is the pressure which the blood flowing through the arteries exerts on their walls. There are two limits of this pressure - the upper limit (Systolic pressure) which is at the time when fresh blood is pushing through the artery as a result of ventricular contraction of the heart. The lower limit (diastolic pressure) is the one recorded when the wave has passed over. Normal blood pressure in adult is 120 mm Hg (Systolic) and 80 mm Hg (Diastolic).
• Pulse : A person’s pulse is the throbbing of their arteries as an effect of the heart beat. It can be felt at the neck (carotid artery), near the ankle joint (Posterior Tibial Artery), and a few other places. A normal pulse rate for a healthy adult, while resting, can range from 60 to 100 beats per minute (BPM). During sleep, this can drop to as low as 40 BPM, during strenuous exercise, it can rise as high as 200 – 220 BPM. Generally, pulse rates are higher in younger people. A resting heart rate for an infant is as high as or higher that an adult’s pulse rate during strenuous exercise.
• Pacemaker : The impulse or command which starts the heart beat arises in pacemaker, located in the walls of the right auricle, in patients whose heart is not working normally, an artificial pacemaker is inserted which takes the place of natural pacemaker.